Berikut adalah beberapa sifat yang dimiliki oleh gelombang elektromagnetik:
- Dapat merambat dalam ruang hampa.
- Merupakan gelombang transversal (arah getar ^ arah rambat), jadi dapat mengalami polarisasi.
- Dapat mengalami refleksi, refraksi, interferensi dan difraksi.
- Tidak dibelokkan dalam medan listrik maupun medan magnet.
Catatan:
Gelombang radio dipakai sebagai gelombang pembawa sistem komunikasi karena mudah dipantulkan oleh lapisan ionosfer.
Ada 2 macam cara membawa gelombang bunyi:
- Modulasi Amplitudo (AM)
Amplitudo gelombang radio disesuaikan dengan frekuensi gelombang bunyi dengan frekuensi tetap. - Modulasi Frekuensi (FM)
Frekuensi gelombang radio disesuaikan dengan frekuensi gelombang bunyi dengan amplitudo tetap.
Sistem FM lebih unggul daripada AM karena FM dapat mengurangi desau akibat kelistrikan diudara, walaupun jangkauannya terbatas sekali.
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